解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether there is a causal relation between long-term exposure to traffic and asthma development is so far not clear. This may be explained by inaccurate exposure assessment. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the associations of long-term traffic-related exposures with asthma onset assessed retrospectively and respi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11491
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is general concern that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the environment, wildlife, food, water, house dust, human tissues, and fluids may alter normal human physiologic activities (e.g., fetal development, immune and endocrine systems). Although the levels of some POPs [polychlorinated bi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800205
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800121
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Differences in the neighborhood food environment may contribute to disparities in obesity. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine the association of neighborhood food environments with body mass index (BMI) and obesity after control for neighborhood walkability. METHODS:This study employed a c...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11590
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg), a worldwide contaminant found in fish and seafood, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. OBJECTIVE:We examined 42 Faroese whaling men (30-70 years of age) to assess possible adverse effects within a wide range of MeHg exposures from consumption of pilot whal...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11608
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-dose extrapolation model selection for evaluating the health effects of environmental pollutants is a key component of the risk assessment process. At a workshop held in Baltimore, Maryland, on 23-24 April 2007, sponsored by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Johns Hopkins Risk Sciences and Public Policy Ins...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11502
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Love Canal is a rectangular 16-acre, 10-ft deep chemical waste landfill situated in a residential neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York. This seriously contaminated site first came to public attention in 1978. No studies have examined mortality in the former residents of the Love Canal neighborhood (LC...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11350
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the association between home use of solvents and paint and the risk of childhood leukemia. OBJECTIVES:In this case-control study, we examined whether the use of paint and petroleum solvents at home before birth and in early childhood influenced the risk of leukemia in children. ME...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11927
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biomass smoke is an important source of particulate matter (PM), and much remains to be discovered with respect to the human health effects associated with this specific PM source. Exposure to biomass smoke can occur in one of two main categories: short-term exposures consist of periodic, seasonal exposures ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11378
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Environmental air pollutants are inhaled as complex mixtures, but the long dominant focus of monitoring and research on individual pollutants has provided modest insight into pollutant interactions that may be important to health. Trends toward managing multiple pollutants to maximize aggregate health gains ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11654
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Widespread residential pesticide use throughout the United States has resulted in ubiquitous, low-level pesticide exposure. The mix of active pesticide ingredients is changing in response to 2000-2001 regulations restricting use of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. OBJECTIVES:We a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11367
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prospective cohort studies constitute the major source of evidence about the mortality effects of chronic exposure to particulate air pollution. Additional studies are needed to provide evidence on the health effects of chronic exposure to particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11449
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cirrhosis of the liver is thought to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, but few controlled studies on the etiology of cirrhosis have been conducted in this region. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to elucidate the association between environmental and infectious exposures and cirrhosis in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11661
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:THE APHENA (AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH: A Combined European and North American Approach) study is a collaborative analysis of multicity time-series data on the effect of air pollution on population health, bringing together data from the European APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) and U.S. N...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11345
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations on asthma morbidity among inner-city preschool children is uncertain. OBJECTIVES:Our goal was to estimate the effect of indoor NO2 concentrations on asthma morbidity in an inner-city population while adjusting for other indoor pollutants. METHODS:We recr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11349
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to identify mental, behavioral, and cognitive disorders that may be triggered or exacerbated during heat waves, predisposing individuals to heat-related morbidity and mortality. DESIGN:Using health outcome data from Adelaide, South Australia, for 1993-2006, we estimated the effect ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11339
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Organophosphates elicit developmental neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms other than their shared property as cholinesterase inhibitors. Accordingly, these agents may differ in their effects on specific brain circuits. OBJECTIVES:We gave parathion to neonatal rats [postnatal days (PNDs) 1-4], at daily...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11451
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One of the most widely used classes of insecticides is the synthetic pyrethroids. Although pyrethroids are less acutely toxic to humans than to insects, in vitro studies have suggested that pyrethroids may be estrogenic. OBJECTIVES:We assessed pubertal effects by orally administering 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11119
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Air pollution data in Bangkok, Thailand, indicate that levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm (PM(10)) are significantly higher than in most cities in North America and Western Europe, where the health effects of PM(10) are well documented. However, the pollution mix, seasona...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10849
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to determine whether prenatal mercury exposure, including potential releases from the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, adversely affects fetal growth and child development. METHODS:We determined maternal and umbilical cord blood total mercury of nonsmoking women who delivered at ter...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10831
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Air pollutants may induce airway inflammation and sensitization due to generation of reactive oxygen species. The genetic background to these mechanisms could be important effect modifiers. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to assess interactions between exposure to air pollution and single nucleotide polymorphisms (S...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11117
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pentachlorophenol, a fungicide widely used as a wood preservative, was classified in 1999 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen. We reviewed currently available data to determine the extent to which recent studies assist in distinguishing the effect of pentachloroph...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11081
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The National Environmental Policy Act and related state laws require many public agencies to analyze and disclose potentially significant environmental effects of agency actions, including effects on human health. In this paper we review the purpose and procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA), ex...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11132
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying subconjunctival tissue that may cause blindness. The mechanism of pterygium formation is not yet fully understood, but pterygium has some tumorlike features. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the association be...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11111
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite experimental evidence, most epidemiologic studies to date have not supported an association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) and breast cancer incidence in humans. This may be attributable to difficulties in estimating blood/tissue POP concentration at critical time periods of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10917
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although animal experiments have shown that cadmium exposure results in severe dental caries, limited epidemiologic data are available on this issue. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to examine the relationship between environmental cadmium exposure and dental caries in children 6-12 years of age. METHODS:We analyzed c...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10947
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although a long latency period of toxicity after exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is known to exist in humans, few animal studies have addressed this issue. Substantiation of delayed MeHg toxicity in animals would affect the risk evaluation of MeHg. OBJECTIVES:Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the e...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10906
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The biological mechanisms involved in inflammatory response to air pollution are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE:In this study we assessed the association of short-term air pollutant exposure with inflammatory markers and lung function. METHODS:We studied a cohort of 158 asthmatic and 50 nonasthmatic sch...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10926
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous literature suggests an association between organochlorines and behavioral measures in childhood, including inattention. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to assess whether prenatal organochlorine exposure is associated with measures of attention in early infancy. METHODS:We investigated an associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10553
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway. OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children. METHODS:We condu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1289/ehp.10882
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The widespread use of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides has led to frequent exposure in adults and children. Because such exposure may cause adverse health effects, particularly in children, the sources and patterns of exposure need to be studied further. OBJECTIVES:We assessed young urban/suburban children'...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10912
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although patients with heart failure (HF) have been identified as particularly susceptible to the acute effects of air pollution, the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on patients with this increasingly prevalent disease are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to examine the mort...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10918
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to investigate exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a young urban population in a developing country, with focus on potentially highly exposed children working informally as scrap scavengers at a large municipal waste disposal site. We also set out to investigate whether hydroxyla...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10713
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10788
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We synthesized the main findings from an international epidemiologic study on the impact of biopersistent organic pollutants (POPs) on human reproductive function. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION:We used a database with interview and biological data from 2,269 women and their spouses, and 18 published core paper...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.10700
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may accelerate the cognitive and motor dysfunction found in normal aging, but few studies have examined these outcomes and PCB exposure among older adults. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated neuropsychological status and low-level PCB exposure among older adults living along contaminate...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10432
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a 1994 Ninth Circuit decision on the remand of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Judge Alex Kosinski wrote that science done for the purpose of litigation should be subject to more stringent standards of admissibility than other science. OBJECTIVES:We analyze this proposition by considering l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9987
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously conducted a study to assess whether household exposures to tap water increased an individual's internal dose of trihalomethanes (THMs). Increases in blood THM levels among subjects who showered or bathed were variable, with increased levels tending to cluster in two groups. OBJECTIVES:Our goal...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10049
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess whether the joint effects of three androgen receptor antagonists (vinclozolin, flutamide, procymidone) on male sexual differentiation after in utero and postnatal exposures can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals. METHODS:Test chemicals and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9360
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sulfation plays an important role both in detoxification and in the control of steroid activity. Studies in rodents have shown that the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to DHEA-sulfate is involved in learning and the memory process. METHODS:The effects of a range of plasticizers and related compo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9365
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00